izibhaga ezimolayiziwe
Amabhasikithi amametali ayadala isisombululo esingeniso sokupaka okuhle kakhulu ngokudibanisa ubuchwepheshe be-metallization nobuso bendawo bokupaka obumelene ukuthi kube yilapho ikhono lokupaka kakhulu. Lezi zinhlelo eziphuculiwe ziphathe izigaba ezincane zemetal, njengaluminum, ezivuthwa kuzingqimobuko zokuphathwa kuzingcambu zezinhlelo ezifana na-polyester, polypropylene, noma izigaba ze-polyethylene. Indlela yokufaka imetali iyakhiya iguni elincane lemetali elimandla ukuthi liyisisekelo sobuso olungcolileyo kuze kube yilapho ikhono lokuphatha kahle. Izinkomba zomsebenzi wezibhasikithi zametali ziqukethe ukuphatha kahle, ukuhlongozwa kwesikhathi sokusebenza komfanekiso, nokuvula kwezibonakude. Lezi zibhasikithi ziyaphatha kahle i-oxigeni, umlilo, izingcambu, nezinye izinto zangonyama ezingasiza kubangelisa inkohlakalo yesimo nemvelo yezinto. Ubuchwepheshe bezibhasikithi zametali buqukatha indlela yokufaka imetali kwindawo ethintile, apho aluminum ivuthwa kwindawo ethintile futhi ifakwe kusihlangothini sefilm kumgodi wemolekiyu. Lokhu kuyakhiya iguni lemetali eliqhubekayo elinamandla aliphinde linamandla angaphandle kokushaya ikhono lokugaya. Iphakathi lezimbili, ibi 20-100 nanometers, ihlanganiswa ngokulandelana nokukhethwa kwezimali, ikhono lokuphatha, nokukhethwa kwebhizinisi kanye namandla amanzi. Izibhasikithi zametali zamanje ziqukethe izigaba eziningi, zidibanisa izigaba zemetali nezigaba ezifuneka ukuthi zenzeke ngendlela efana naleyo. Lezi zihlelo eziningi zingase kuthutha izigaba ezibambekayo, izihlangothi ezibonakala, nezigaba ezinzima zokuphatha ukuthi zenze isisombululo esigcwele sokuphatha. Isisekelo sezibhasikithi zametali siphatha kakhulu kuzo zonke izindustri, kufana nohlelo lwempahla, izicelo zedolo, izicelo zezinsimbi, ukuphatha kwezikhwama, nezindlu zezinto zentuthuko. Kuhlelo lwempahla, lezi zibhasikithi ziphatha kakhulu umsindo, ziphatha ukuthi kuphuculwe i-oxidation, ziphatha amandla emfutha, kanti futhi ziphatha kakhulu izindlela zokubika empahla. Umphakathi wodolo uphatha kulezi zibhasikithi ukuthi ziphathwe izicelo ezizinxulumene ngesibonakude kanye nempilo. Abafazi abayenza izinto zezikhwama bayisebenzisa lezi zibhasikithi ukuthi ziphathwe kusungwa kwebhizinisi kanye namandla angonyama lapho kusungwa kanye nalapho kusungeke.